工業(yè)機(jī)器人是面向工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的多關(guān)節(jié)機(jī)械手或多自由度的機(jī)器裝置，它能自動(dòng)執(zhí)行工作，是靠自身動(dòng)力和控制能力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種功能的一種機(jī)器。它可以接受人類(lèi)指揮，也可以按照預(yù)先編排的程序運(yùn)行，現(xiàn)代的工業(yè)機(jī)器人還可以根據(jù)人工智能技術(shù)制定的原則綱領(lǐng)行動(dòng)。

Industrial robots are multi joint robotic arms or multi degree of freedom machine devices designed for the industrial field. They can automatically perform tasks and are machines that rely on their own power and control capabilities to achieve various functions. It can accept human commands or run according to pre arranged programs, and modern industrial robots can also act based on principles and guidelines formulated by artificial intelligence technology.

工業(yè)機(jī)器人是一種通過(guò)重復(fù)編程和自動(dòng)控制，能夠完成制造過(guò)程中某些操作任務(wù)的多功能、多自由度的機(jī)電一體化自動(dòng)機(jī)械裝備和系統(tǒng)，它結(jié)合制造主機(jī)或生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)，可以組成單機(jī)或多機(jī)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)，在無(wú)人參與下，實(shí)現(xiàn)搬運(yùn)、焊接、裝配和噴涂等多種生產(chǎn)作業(yè)。

Industrial robots are multifunctional and multi degree of freedom electromechanical integrated automatic mechanical equipment and systems that can complete certain operational tasks in the manufacturing process through repetitive programming and automatic control. They can be combined with manufacturing hosts or production lines to form single or multi machine automation systems, and can achieve various production operations such as handling, welding, assembly, and spraying without human participation.

工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用日益廣泛，已成為現(xiàn)代制造生產(chǎn)中重要的高度自動(dòng)化裝備。自20世紀(jì)60年代初機(jī)器人在美國(guó)問(wèn)世以來(lái)，工業(yè)機(jī)器人的研制和應(yīng)用有了飛速的發(fā)展，但工業(yè)機(jī)器人顯著的特點(diǎn)歸納有以下幾個(gè)。

Industrial robot technology and industry are developing rapidly, and its application in production is becoming increasingly widespread. It has become an important highly automated equipment in modern manufacturing production. Since the emergence of robots in the United States in the early 1960s, the development and application of industrial robots have made rapid progress. However, the notable characteristics of industrial robots can be summarized as follows.

1、可編程。生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展是柔性自動(dòng)化。工業(yè)機(jī)器人可隨其工作環(huán)境變化的需要而再編程，因此它在小批量多品種具有均衡率的柔性制造過(guò)程中能發(fā)揮很好的功用，是柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）中的一個(gè)重要組成部分。

1. Programmable. The further development of production automation is flexible automation. Industrial robots can be reprogrammed according to the changing needs of their working environment, so they can play a good role in balanced and efficient flexible manufacturing processes with small batches and multiple varieties, and are an important component of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).

2、擬人化。工業(yè)機(jī)器人在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)上有類(lèi)似人的行走、腰轉(zhuǎn)、大臂、小臂、手腕、手爪等部分，在控制上有電腦。此外，智能化工業(yè)機(jī)器人還有許多類(lèi)似人類(lèi)的;生物傳感器;，如皮膚型接觸傳感器、力傳感器、負(fù)載傳感器、視覺(jué)傳感器、聲覺(jué)傳感器、語(yǔ)言功能等。傳感器提高了工業(yè)機(jī)器人對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境的自適應(yīng)能力。

2. Personification. Industrial robots have mechanical structures similar to human walking, waist rotation, large arms, forearms, wrists, claws, and other parts, and are controlled by computers. In addition, there are many intelligent industrial robots that are similar to humans; Biosensors;, Such as skin type contact sensors, force sensors, load sensors, visual sensors, acoustic sensors, language functions, etc. Sensors enhance the adaptive ability of industrial robots to the surrounding environment.

3、通用性。除了專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的專(zhuān)用的工業(yè)機(jī)器人外，一般工業(yè)機(jī)器人在執(zhí)行不同的作業(yè)任務(wù)時(shí)具有較好的通用性。比如，更換工業(yè)機(jī)器人手部末端操作器（手爪、工具等）便可執(zhí)行不同的作業(yè)任務(wù)。

3. Universality. In addition to specially designed industrial robots, general industrial robots have good versatility when performing different job tasks. For example, replacing the end effector of an industrial robot's hand (claw, tool, etc.) can perform different job tasks.

4、機(jī)電一體化。工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)涉及的學(xué)科相當(dāng)廣泛，但是歸納起來(lái)是機(jī)械學(xué)和微電子學(xué)的結(jié)合;機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)。第三代智能機(jī)器人不僅具有獲取外部環(huán)境信息的各種傳感器，而且還具有記憶能力、語(yǔ)言理解能力、圖像識(shí)別能力、推理判斷能力等人工智能，這些都和微電子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，特別是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用密切相關(guān)。

4. Mechatronics integration. Industrial robot technology involves a wide range of disciplines, but can be summarized as a combination of mechanics and microelectronics; Mechatronics integration technology. The third-generation intelligent robots not only have various sensors to obtain external environmental information, but also have artificial intelligence such as memory ability, language comprehension ability, image recognition ability, reasoning and judgment ability, which are closely related to the application of microelectronics technology, especially computer technology. Therefore, the development of robotics technology will inevitably drive the development of other technologies, and the development and application level of robotics technology can also verify the development and level of a country's science, 

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